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3D Structural Deformation Estimation Using Multi-Camera Fusion in Formula 1

Author(s) : Tirlingi Tirupathi Rao

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Rear wings, front wings and floor edges are examples of or more distinctive parts of the car's structure that must bend in response to aeroelasticity when a car is running in an aerodynamic configuration which does not encompass ground-effect regulation. Even at sub-millimetres scales, these geometric deformations will modify the pressure distributions in aerodynamics and therefore a vehicle's stability at supersonic velocities of over 300 km/h. Even though a number of telemetry solutions exist, using discrete strain gauges and single camera vision pipelines can only be used for local measurement or planar measurement, which cannot provide a complete measurement of the state of structural conditions for real-time SHM. Proposed in this paper is a Multi-Stage and Multi-Camera Fusion (MCF) structure for 3D structural deformation estimation that combines synchronized high-speed cameras, stereo correspondence matching, multi-view triangulation and a temporal learning module based on the Transformer architecture. The proposed system surpasses all baseline systems in terms of both reconstruction accuracy (98.9%) and precision of depth measurement (0.8 mm mean reconstruction error) while maintaining a 38 ms latency, meeting the definition of real-time performance on our aeroelastic benchmark for Formula 1.

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